A function whose numerator polynomial is the derivative of the denominator polynomial is designated as NOD function. Some properties of such functions are derived and their applications are given. The NDD functions resemble with the driving point impedance/admittance function.

Mesh analysis and the graph theoretic current method are widely taught in circuit theory courses at under graduate level. In this paper a new loop current method is proposed which combines both of them into one. The method uses the concept of a spanning planar sub graph (plang). This allows us to use mesh analysis of planar networks to non planar networks. It is more general than the two well known methods. Admittances and controlled sources are more easily handled in mesh analysis. Contrary to widely held belief, it is shown that a multi port element which does not have an impedance representation is an asset and not a problem.

A Function generator with two outputs is described. As it is common with any function generator, the two outputs can be independently configured to provide sine or square or triangular waveforms. In the case of sine wave outputs, the phase difference between two sine waves is continuously adjustable over 0-180 degree. For the square and triangular waveforms, the time delay between two successive similar zero crossings of the two outputs is adjustable over the range of 0-T/2, where T is the time period of the waveform. In either case the phase difference or the time delay set is independent of the frequency of operation of the function generator.

This paper presents the Gaussian pulse amplitude modulated with a periodic function of time as an alternative to sine function. The periodic function of time is derived by multiplying several cosine functions whose periods are multiples of integer powers of two and fundamental period. The fundamental period is a function of the first zero crossing expected for a sine function. In time domain, the proposed pulse has higher roll off rate than the sine pulse. The proposed pulse is compared with the Gaussian pulse amplitude modulated with sine function, parametric linear and parametric double jump pulses with reference to intersymbol interference (lSI) in the event of symbol timing errors. It has been observed that while the proposed pulse offers less lSI than that offered by the Gaussian pulse amplitude modulated with sine function for all values of time, it offers less lSI than parametric linear and parametric double jump pulses for large values of time.

Analysis on rectangular microstrip antenna with Gunn loaded on it using equivalent circuit concept reveals that the bandwidth is increased to 10.43 % over the 2.9% of patch alone. It is observed that the rectangular microstrip antenna loaded with Gunn diode offers wider tunability (9.308 GHz-9.161GHz) for bias voltage from 8-15V for a given threshold voltage of 4.4V. The radiated power is enhanced by 0.15dB as compared to patch alone.

Teaching basic Analog and Digital Electronics at undergraduate level consists of theory classes with hands-on­ training conducted in an electronics laboratory equipped with Oscilloscopes, Function Generators and Regulated Power Supplies. Students are taught the characteristics of basic components like diodes, BJTs, FETs, OPAMPs and Digital devices. We present a micro-controller based Automatic-Test-Equipment (ATE) combining the functions of standard laboratory equipment, providing a Low-Cost Teaching-Aid for Basic Electronics.

This article provides guidelines for those interested in pursuing graduate education in the United States and Canada towards M.S. and/or Ph.D. degrees in science and engineering. Suggestions are provided to strengthen such applications, thereby increasing the probability of success.